ENCYCLOPAEDIA-ALL
ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MESCALINE CACTI
Encyclopaedia of botanical terms, professional expressions, synonyms and names.
Related to Mescaline Cacti such as:
Peyote Cactus, San Pedro Cactus, Peruvian Torch Cactus, Achuma Cactus.
Words in another language
For non-Dutch words, the foreign language is in brackets.
For example: cacti = (English) = Cacti
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3,4-Dimethoxyphenylethylamine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylamine = = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
Absolute humidity = absolute amount of moisture (water, water vapour) in a given amount of air.
This at a given air pressure and temperature.
Achuma = Indian name in Bolivia for Trichocereus pachanoi and Trichocereus bridgesii ( = both San Pedro Cacti).
See the other names: achuma, aguacolla, chumarse, gigantón, huachuma, San Pedro Cactus.
Achuma is also the name for the drink made from these Trichocereus species....
Agave = succulent plant from which Meskal is made.
Aggregate state = situation in which a substance can be.
For example: gas, liquid, solid, plasma, liquid crystal etc.
alkaloid = basic substance (pH>7.0) in mainly plants, many of which are mind-altering.
Examples: atropine, cocaine, codeine, heroin, mescaline, morphine, stychnine.
Mescaline is the main mind-altering substance in the Peyote Cactus and the San Pedro Cactus.
amide = compound including a nitrogen atom (N).
amine = Amines have a strong characteristic and foul odour, and are toxic.
Breaking down amino acids produces amines.
Many mind-altering substances contain amines.
ammonia = NH3 = polar molecule in gas form at room temperature with strong pungent odour.
Very soluble in water (up to 25 mass%), it is then called ammonia and reacts alkaline.
ammonia = ammonium hydroxide = = NH4+ + OH- = toxic solution of ammonia in water (up to 25 mass%).
= moderately strong base, in which fat dissolves well.
amulet = object that brings protection.
Compare with talisman = good luck charm = object that brings good luck or prosperity.
anatomy = study of the internal construction and structure of an organism.
Seed plants are made up of three main organs: root, stem, leaf.
See also morphology (= study of plant parts).
anhalamine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
anhalidine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
anhalinine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
anhalodine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus with a stimulant effect.
anhalonidine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus with a narcotic effect.
anhalonidine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus with a paralysing effect.
Anhalonium williamsii = ancient name for the Peyote Cactus (= Lophophora williamsii).
Name is botanically invalid.
antibiotic = substances that can fight bacterial infections.
antiseptic = against infections, otnsmettling.
Aguacolla = name in Ecuador for Trichocereus pachanoi ( = San Pedro Cactus).
See other names: achuma, aguacolla, gigantón, huachuma, San Pedro Cactus.
aridity = (English) = lack of moisture.
aridity index = (English) = a numerical indicator of the degree of dryness of the climate at a given location.
areole = oval to round felt-covered field (‘thorn cushion’) of a Cactus.
From this can grow wool, thorns, leaves, flowers, seed berries and new shoots.
axil = axil, angle between stem and side branch, angle between nipples.
Aztecs = Mesoamerican civilisation between about 1200 and 1520 in present-day Mexico.
Capital city Tenochtitlán, which stood on the site of present-day Mexico City.
They probably stemmed from the Toltecs.
The Aztecs were very warlike and are known for their human sacrifices.
Their last religious-political leader Moctezuma II was killed in the war with the Spanish conquerors, led by Hernán Cortés.
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bacterium = single-celled organism of microscopic dimensions (= can only be seen with a microscope).
basionym = literally the name on which another name is based.
Bioassay = test to measure the effect of substances on living material. Measurement of a chemical substance with a biological observer.
Bio-diversity = variation of life forms, in a particular eco-system, biome, or of the whole earth.
The biodiversity characteristic of each biome, especially the diversity of fauna and subdominant plant forms.
is a function of abiotic factors and the biomass productivity of the dominant vegetation.
Species diversity tends to be higher in terrestrial biomes with higher net primary productivity, moisture availability, and temperature.
Bio-geography = study of the distribution of biodiversity in space and time.
biome = ecosystem = area classification by climate and geography of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals and soil organisms.
Classification by:
-- Plant structure (trees, shrubs, grasses).
-- Leaf-types (broadleaf and needleleaf).
-- plant distances (forest, woodland, savanna).
-- climate.
Biomes are often identified by certain patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation.
bi = Peyote Cactus, designation of Dr Edward Palmer (late 19th century).
biotope = area and environmental factors of a habitat.
buffer = reserve stock, damper, cushion.
buffer effect = ability to make a reserve stock.
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Cactaceae = Cactus family, Cactus-like plants.
Consists of some 90 genera and 2000 species following the ‘lumpers’ .
Other botanists (‘splitters’) classify Cacti into more than 300 genera.
cactophile = Cactus enthusiast.
cactophobe = Cactus hater.
Cactus = name of the genus into which Linnaeus categorised all Cacti known at the time.
Cactus (Dutch) = plural: Cactuses (not: Cacti , this is English !).
Succulent plant with areoles and thorns that can survive drought periods well.
Cacti rarely have visible leaves.
German (singular): Kaktee, Kaktus.
German (plural): Kaktusse, Kakteen.
English (singular): cactus.
English (plural): cacti.
French (singular): cactus.
French (plural): cactées.
Cactus fertiliser = special fertiliser with low nitrogen content. With Cactus fertiliser, Cacti continue to grow in a naturally stocky form.
Cacti = plural of Cactus.
cacti = (English) = Cacti (singular in English: Cactus ).
calcium oxalate = poorly soluble compound found as a crystal in Cacti and Succulents.
carbonate = charged chemical compound (ion) with carbon and oxygen.
Chemical formula: CO3
century plant = (English) = Agave angustifolia .
Cereus peruvianus = not Trichocereus peruvianus !!! = columnar cactus with narrow ribs as wide at the base as at the ends.
Chichimeca = Indian tribe in Mexico.
chief = (English) = name for a large Peyote Cactus.
chumarse = Bolivian expression for getting drunk, derived from Achuma.
Cimora = drink made from cooked San Pedro Cactus and cooked other plants.
Among others, another Cactus is added (Neoraimondia macrostibas).
Other added plants:
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (Euphorbia) , Isotoma longiflora (campanula),
Brugmansia aurea, Brugmansia sanguinea.
Climax vegetation = (English) = end state of a vegetation at a particular place and under particular climatic conditions.
Natural balance of a local ecosystem.
cluster = group with several heads.
constitution = physical condition of an organism.
contemplative = contemplative, pensive.
Cora = Indian tribe in western Mexico.
cortex = bark.
crest = (English) = crest, crest, crown.
crestate = (English) = cristate = crest form = fan-shaped growth from a line of growth points.
cross-tolerance = (English) = tolerance to one substance also gives tolerance to another substance.
Also cross-tolerance.
curandera = magical healer (mexican).
curanderismo = folk medicine.
curanderos = folk healers, medicine men.
cuticle = protective impermeable layer outside the epidermal cells (= epidermis).
cutting = (English) = cutting, cut off part of a plant.
cytisine = toxic substance (pyridine) from the mescal bean.
Causes nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, death.
cytosine = one of the four bases that make up DNA and RNA.
Other bases: thymine, adenine and guanine.
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delirium = psycho-organic disorder with a physical cause.
delirium tremens = psychosis caused by chronic (long-term) alcohol consumption.
Mood change with anxiety or terror.
depersonalisation = disorder of self-awareness.
devil's root = synonym for Peyote Cactus.
dialectic, dialectical = (English) = method based on a dialog between two different forces or persons.
divine Cactus = (English) = synonym for Peyote Cactus.
thorn = fused branch (Cacti).
Also incorrectly called spine.
A spine is an elongated fusion of the epidermis of the stem, branch or stem.
dramamine = medicine for car sickness, seasickness.
drought index = number indicating the dryness of the climate in a particular place.
See also: aridity index.
Druse = spherical group of crystals (often calcium oxalate).
Dualism = situation consisting of two parts (duo = two).
Devil's root = synonym for Peyote Cactus.
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EC = Electrical Conductivity.
Measure of the number of charged particles (‘ions’) in a solution.
The EC value of soil should not exceed 3-4 milli-Siemens/cm (mS/cm).
The EC value of the pouring water should not exceed 1-1.5 milli-Siemens/cm (mS/cm).
An excessively high EC value of the soil, ground or substrate can be reduced by flushing the soil with water.
Echinocactus lewinii = old name from 1845 for the Peyote Cactus (= Lophophora williamsii) given by Lemaire.
Echinopsis = Cactus genus to which the Trichocereus species are now classified.
Echinopsis bridgesii = not Trichocereus bridgesii !!! = Small-growing Trichocereus species that forms groups.
Echinopsis lageniformis = Trichocereus bridgesii.
Echinopsis pachanoi = Trichocereus pachanoi.
Echinopsis peruviana = Trichocereus peruvianus.
Ecological succession = (English) = ecological succession.
= Predictable changes in the composition or structure (build-up) of an ecological community.
Succession is caused by disturbance of an existing community by external factors such as:
-- volcanic eruptions.
-- landslides.
-- fire.
-- hurricanes.
-- deforestation.
Ecology = scientific study of the distribution and richness of life,
and of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
An organism's environment consists of:
1. local abiotic factors (sunlight, climate, geology).
2. biotic factors (other organisms living in the same habitat).
Ecology = (English) = ecology = science that studies the interaction between living organisms and their environment.
Ecoregions = (English) = are grouped into both biomes and ecozones.
Ecozone = bio-geographical zone on the earth, in which plants and animals (flora and fauna) have great similarities.
There are eight such ecozones in the world.
empeyotizarse = (Mexican) = verb in rural Mexico.
= to cure yourself (self-medicate) with the help of the Peyote Cactus.
Grafting = breeding (‘improving’) and propagating a plant (‘scion’) by fusing it with another well-growing plant (‘rootstock’).
Entheogen = term derived from ancient Greek, meaning: creating the deity within yourself.
= psychoactive substance.
Entheogen = (English) = entheogenic
epicuticular = sitting on the outside of the cuticle, e.g. wax, crystals.
epidermis = epidermis = outer layer of cells of a plant.
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False Peyote Cactus = (English) = false Peyote Cactus.
Father Peyote Cactus = (English) = ‘Father Peyote Cactus’, a large Peyote Cactus lying centrally on a stairway altar during the Peyote Cactus ceremony.
phenotype = phenotype = total of observable characteristics.
Determined by hereditary predisposition (genotype) and environment.
See also: genotype (= total of hereditary traits).
ferment = breakdown and transformation by micro-organisms.
See also: yeasts (fermentation).
physical = bodily.
physiology = study of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of living organisms.
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generative = sexual.
See also: vegetative (= asexual)
genotype = total of hereditary characteristics.
See also: phenotype = total of observable traits.
genus = genus.
geo = earth, soil, ground.
geometric = geometric.
Gigantón = name in Ecuador for Trichocereus pachanoi ( = San Pedro Cactus).
See other names: achuma, aguacolla, gigantón, huachuma, San Pedro Cactus.
fermentation = anaerobic (= without oxygen) conversion and breakdown of e.g. glucose by micro-organisms.
glaucous = (English) = bright light blue-green, sea green. grey-green.
Also finely frosted, finely powdered.
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habitat = natural area in which the population of one species lives.
hallucination = perceiving something that is not there in reality, not realising what is physically true.
hallucinogen = psychotomimetic = substance that induces changes in consciousness and delusions.
For example, alkaloids such as Mescaline in the Peyote Cactus and San Pedro Cactus, or psylocybe in mushrooms (‘magic mushrooms’).
Hikuli = false Peyote Cactus, other Cacti species that also contains Mescaline and other alkaloids.
Hikuri = name for Peyote Cactus among Huichol Indians and Tarahumara Indians.
= Peyote Cactus god.
hordenine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus, activity as epinephrine, with antiseptic action as well.
Huachuma = name in the highlands of Peru (Andes) for Trichocereus pachanoi ( = San Pedro Cactus).
See other names: achuma, aguacolla, gigantón, huachuma, San Pedro Cactus.
Huichol = Indian tribe from the Sierra Madre Occidental in western Mexico.
They have been one of the few Indian tribes to preserve their traditions.
Hold an annual sacred Pilgrimage in October to collect Peyote Cactus's.
They then go to the land of their ancestors (‘Wirikuri’) in the state of San Luis Potosi.
They are called the ‘Peyote Cactus stem’ of Mexico.
hyperthermia = elevated temperature. When ingesting Peyote Cactus after about four hours.
hypothermia = decreased temperature. When ingesting Peyote Cactus the first four hours.
hyperglycemia = increased blood sugar level. When taking Peyote Cactus, a rapid rise in the first hour.
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illusion = misinterpretation of reality
index of aridity = (English) = a numerical indicator of the degree of dryness of the climate at a given location.
Inca = Indian people in the northwestern part of South America.
Largest flowering of the empire around 1500, capital Cuzco.
Also: Inca
Inca = Indian people in the northwestern part of South America.
Largest flowering of the empire around 1500, capital Cuzco.
Also: Inca
Indian dope = (English) = synonym for Peyote Cactus.
in vitro = in glass = e.g. in a test tube or petri dish.
= Cultivation or experiment in laboratory materials on a nutrient medium.
See also: in vivo (= in a living organism).
in vivo = in a living organism (animal, plant) = experiment with a living organism.
See also: in vitro (= in glass).
Ipomeae violacea = family Convolvulaceae = ‘Tlitlitzen’ .
This Ipomeae species contains ergot alkaloids (lysergic acid alkaloids) similar to LSD.
LSD is synthetically derived from this, but does not occur naturally.
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Kaktee = (German) = Cactus (plural Kakteen).
Kakteen = (German) = Cacti (singular in German: Kaktee).
kaktus = Cactus
calcium nitrate fertiliser = calcium nitrate = nitrogen (N) fertiliser, to be used with a total fertiliser with low nitrogen content.
clone = genetically identical offspring(s) from one parent, individuals with the same genetic material.
Originated by asexual vegetative propagation (e.g. by cutting, tissue culture of leaf pieces).
Not created by fertilisation with another individual with different genetic material.
Cross-tolerance = tolerance to one substance also confers tolerance to another substance (cross-tolerance).
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lateral = lateral, side,
latex = milk-juice = milk-like liquid in some Cacti (e.g. Mammillaria) and other Succulents e.g. Euphorbia).
lethargy = pathological state of sleep, drowsiness, mental insensitivity.
Lewin = Louis Lewin = German pharmacolist who was the first to research the chemical composition of the Peyote Cactus.
lewinii = named after German pharmacolist Louis Lewin....
loph, lopho = crest, crest, brush (in compounds).
Lophophora = bristle-bearing, bundle-bearing.
lophophoroides = resembling a Lophophora (see e.g. Turbinicacrpus lophophoroides.
lophophorin = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus with a cramping effect.
leucocytosis = increase in white blood cell production.
When using Peyote Cactus highest after two to four hours.
LSD = mind-altering substance, artificially made alkaloid from ergot.
= lysergic acid diethylamide.
Humidity = the amount of moisture (water, water vapour) in the air.
See also: absolute humidity and relative humidity.
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Marijuana = substance extracted from the Cannabis plant (Cannabaceae).
Marijuana = genus Cannabis (Cannabaceae family).
Has different effects from the Peyote Cactus.
mesa = table
mescal = meskal = mezcal = 2 x distilled alcoholic drink made from fermented juice of Agave plants and other species.
Agave angustifolia = (English) = century plant .
The best-known mezcal drink is Tequila, made from the blue Agave, native to southwest Mexico, around the town of Tequila in Jalisco.
Another mezcal drink is Pulque (2-6% alcohol)
= synonymous with Peyote Cactus
mescal bean = Mescaline bean = Sophora secundiflora (Leguminosae)
= highly poisonous plant that grows together with the Peyote Cactus, contains cytisine.
Used in rituals in Texas and Mexico since the year 8000 BC.
Mescal Button = Peyote Cactus button = severed head of a Peyote Cactus.
Mescaline = Meskaline = alkaloid with mind-expanding effects.
Mainly found in the Peyote Cactus and San Pedro Cactus.
Name comes from mescal button (= dried Peyote Cactus).
Resembles the neuro-transmitter noradrenaline.
3,4,5-trimethoxy-beta-phenylethylamine.
mescal button = dried Peyote Cactus.
mescal plant = mescal Cactus = Agave angustifolia, from which strong drinks such as Tequila and Pulque are made.
The Agave is not a Cactus, but a succulent.
Meskaline = Mescaline = alkaloid with mind-altering effects.
Found mainly in the Peyote Cactus and San Pedro Cactus.
ergot = ergot alkaloids (lysergic acid alkaloids - lysergic acid diethylamide) similar to LSD.
LSD is an artificial derivative of this, but does not occur in nature.
Occurs in the plant species Rivea corymbosa and Ipomeae violacea.
morphine = alkaloid, active constituent of opium.
morphology = study of the form, construction, structure and development of the parts of plants.
= study of external appearance.
= see also: anatomy (study of internal construction).
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needle = spine, thorn, prickle
night bloomer = plant blooming at night.
All Trichocereus species flower at night, such as the San Pedro Cactus, Peruvian Torch and Achuma Cactus.
The Peyote Cactus blooms during the day.
Nahuatl = Indian language that was spoken by the original inhabitants of Mexico.
The Toltecs and Aztecs also spoke this language.
It is spoken by some one and a half million people,
mainly in the states of Puebla, Veracruz, Hidalgo, Mexico and Guerrero.
http://www.indians.org/welker/nahuatl.htm
Navajo = Indian tribe in the USA.
N-methylmescaline = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
N-methyltyramine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
n-n-Dimethyl-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenylethylamine =
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reverse tolerance = increased sensitivity, less is needed for the same effect.
Occurs with Marijuana.
obregonita = other name for Obregonia denegrii, sometimes called ‘false Peyote Cactus’.
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mushroom = other name for mushroom.
paraphernalia = ceremonial attributes.
parenchyma = cell-layer under the epidermis (= epidermis) with thin round cells.
pellote = synonym for Peyote Cactus.
pellotine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus with a cramping effect.
penicillin = antibacterial substance used as an antibiotic.
peote = synonym for Peyote Cactus.
petal = plural = petals = petal, the often coloured (not green) upper petal.
See sepals = sepal = sepals.
peyocactin = old name from 1960 for the antibiotic alkaloid hordenine.
peyophorin = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
peyot = synonym for Peyote Cactus
Peyote Cactus-Button = severed head of a Peyote Cactus, used as a mind-expanding agent in Peyote Cactus ceremonies.
Peyote Cactus cult =
Peyote Cactus religion = religion of the Native American Church around the Peyote Cactus (‘Peyotism’).
Peyote Cactus road = (English) = groove running between the ends of the half-moon shaped altar with several elevations (stairway altar).
Symbolising the road to be travelled by its users.
Peyote Cactusro = official collector and seller of Peyote Cactus's in Texas.
Peyote Cactus Woman = (English) = woman who comes to bring water around midnight.
Often the wife of the ‘Road Chief’ .
Peyotero = Peyote collector and trader with a Legal license in Texas (USA).
There are only three Peyoteros left in the USA, all of them old.
It is a dying profession, mainly due to a shortage of Peyote in the Texas public countryside.
Peyotillo = (Spanish) = small Peyote Cactus
= Pelecyphora aselliformis
= False Peyote Cactus, other Cacti species that also contains Mescaline and other alkaloids.
Used medicinally.
Peyotism = (English) = Peyote Cactus religion of the Native American Church surrounding the Peyote Cactus.
Peyotist = (English) = segments of the Native American Church that uses Peyote Cactus.
Peyotl = name for Peyote Cactus in the Nahuatl language of the Aztecs.
pH = pronunciation: peehaa = chemical designation for acidity.
pH= 7 is neutral, pH>7 is alkaline, pH< 7 is acidic.
Cacti grow well in a weakly acidic soil mixture (pH = 5.5 - 6.0)
pharmacy = knowledge of medicines and their preparation.
pharmacist = connoisseur of pharmacy.
phenotype = total of observable characteristics.
Determined by hereditary predisposition (genotype) and the environment.
See also: genotype.
phenylethylamines = group of alkaloids, chemical structure is a benzene ring with an ethylamine side group.
= also called: phenethylamines
physic = physical.
physiology = (English) = see physiology = study of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of living organisms.
piule = synonym for Peyote Cactus
podarium = plural podaria = thickening, elevation
ppm = parts per million
spike = thorn, prickle
primordium = plural: primordia = original disposition of an organ
pseudo = fake, semblance, false
psilocybin = hallucinogenic substance from a mushroom (‘magic mushroom’).
psilocybes = mind-expanding and hallucinogenic mushroom from Mexico.
psychedelic = (English) = psychedelic.
psychedelic = ancient Greek term = showing the soul, revealing the mind.
psychedelic experience = experience in which someone experiences their deeper ‘being’.
psychic = spiritual
psycholysis = therapy with low doses of mescaline in weekly or biweekly sessions.
Was mainly used in Europe.
Psychotomimetic = (English) = mind-mimicking = hallucinogenic = substance that induces changes in consciousness and delusions.
= e.g. alkaloids in the Peyote Cactus and San Pedro Cactus.
pulque = strong drink made from fermented (fermented) juice of Agave plants, especially the Agave americana (Maquey = century plant).
National drink of Mexico and Central America.
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raiz diabolica = (Spanish) = devil's root = synonym for Peyote Cactus.
Relative humidity = ratio of the amount of water vapour in the air to the maximum possible amount of water vapour.
This at a given air pressure and temperature, and expressed as a percentage (%, per hundred).
Due to differences in pressure and temperature, changes in the aggregation state of water occur.
aggregation state = situation in which a substance can be.
For example: gas, liquid, solid, plasma, liquid crystal, etc.
retusus = blunted, weakly expanded.
rib = protruding elevation of the stem, running parallel to the length of the stem
Rivea corymbosa = family Convolvulaceae = ‘Ololiuhqui’ .
Was commonly used in diseases by the Indians of the Sierra Madre Occidental.
This Rivea species contains ergot alkaloids (lysergic acid alkaloids) similar to LSD.
LSD is artificially derived but does not occur in nature.
Road Chief = (English) = the leader of a Peyote Cactus ceremony.
Derived from the Peyote Cactus road during the ceremony that runs through the altar.
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sacrament = means of grace in the church
Salvia divinorum = family Lamiaceae = ‘pipiltzintzinli’ .
San Pedro Cactus = name on the north coast of Peru for Trichocereus pachanoi ( = San Pedro Cactus).
See other names: achuma, aguacolla, gigantón, huachuma, San Pedro Cactus.
sepals = sepals, often green and leafy lower and outer petal.
Plural = sepals.
See also: petal = petal
serotonin = neurotransmitter
Shaman = shaman
Shaman = (English) = shaman.
silicon = silica = pebble
Shaman = type of priest who communicates with the spirit world.
= healer.
somatic = physical, as opposed to spiritual.
The vegetative part of a plant.
Sophora secundiflora = plant in the Fabaceae family (Leguminosae).
The colourful red bean contains ‘cytisine’ ( = toxic substance (pyridine) ).
Causes nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, and in too large quantities even death.
Mescal beans used for centuries by Indians in Mexico and the United States,
as medicine and in ceremonies.
The seeds of this desert bush were worn as necklaces by the leaders of a Peyote Cactus ceremony.
There is probably a connection between the ancient mescal bean ceremony and the modern Peyote Cactus religion.
St Peter = (English) = English name for the San Pedro Cactus.
Staphylococcus aureus = type of bacteria.
In 1960, in vitro research was done on the effect of Peyote Cactus extracts on penicillin-resistant stems of this bacterium.
CUTTING = cut off part of a plant.
CUTTING = vegetative way of propagating plants, shrubs and trees by removing part of a plant.
CUTTING can be done by cutting, cutting, chopping, or sawing.
In Cacti and Succulents, cuttings are mainly cut from offshoots.
spine = elongated fusion of the epidermis of the stem, branch or stem.
A spine is not connected to the interior of the stem, branch or stem.
Of the spines in roses, it is unclear from which tissue they are formed.
Other vernacular names for prickle: prickle, needle, thorn.
A thorn is a fused branch.
style = middle part of a pistil, below the stigma, above the fruiting principle.
A pistil sometimes has several styles.
stoma = plural: stomata = skin mouth, pore in (often) the underside of a leaf.
Serves as a ventialtion opening for respiration in plants.
strychnine = toxic alkaloid derived from Stychnos species (Loganiaceae).
succulent = succulent, fleshy, soft, thick.
Succulenta = monthly magazine of the Dutch-Belgian association of lovers of Cacti and Succulents.
succulence = ability of a plant to store water in special water cells in order to survive dry times.
Succulents = Succulents = group of plants with special water cells (‘moisture tissue’) in roots, stems and leaves.
In these, these Succulent plants can store moisture and nutrients as a reserve for dry times.
synonym = word with the same meaning.
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Tarahumara = Indian tribe west and south of the city of Chihuahua (western Mexico).
Only hold a Peyote Cactus ceremony for healing, so no religious ceremony.
Also use Peyote Cactus for health (Peyote Cactus powder in water, on wounds).
The Peyote Cactus cult or hikuli cult was once very important, now much less so than with the Huichol.
They are famous as good long-distance runners, in which they hold religious races.
Peyote Cactus is then eaten during the race.
Teonanacatl = sacred mushroom.
In the late 16th century, the Spanish confused the Peyote Cactus with these hallucinogenic magic mushrooms.
A dried Peyote Cactus looks very similar to this dried magic mushroom.
It was not until 1936 that mind-altering magic mushrooms were rediscovered and linked to earlier Mexican ceremonies.
At least 14 species of psycho-active magic mushrooms have now been discovered, with psilocybin and psilocin as active substances.
They occur in genera of the family Agaricaceae:
Psilocybe species, Stropharia cubensis, Panaeolus campanulatus var. sphinctrinus, Conocybe species.
Tequila = distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented juice of the blue Agave.
= Tequila agave, Agave tequilana
The blue Agave grows in the Mexican state of Jalisco.
tepee = Indian tent
Toltec = (Nahuatl: Toltecah) = people who dominated much of central Mexico from the tenth to the twelfth centuries.
topography = (English) =
toxin = poison (plant or animal).
toxic = poisonous
toxic delirium = confused mental state resulting from poisoning.
toxic psychosis syndrome = the symptoms that occur after poisoning.
stairway altar = half-moon-shaped altar with several elevations with a groove running between the ends (‘Peyote Cactus road’)
trichome = hair, brush
tuna de tierra = soil Cactus = synonym for Peyote Cactus
turgour = the pressure of cell contents on the cell wall, which determines the firmness of a Cactus or plant.
type-plant = plant on which a botanical description is based.
This plant is often kept as a herbarium plant.
tyramine = alkaloid in the Peyote Cactus.
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United States Dispensory = (English) = leading US medicines manual.
Anhalonium lewinii (Peyote Cactus) was mentioned in it for several years around 1900.
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variety = taxonomic rank lower than a species or subspecies.
Differing in some characteristics from the type-plant of the (sub)species.
vegetation = natural vegetation of plants on a stand.
vegetative = asexual.
See also: generative (= sexual),
reproduction = propagation, sexually via the sexual organs.
Or asexual via lateral shoots.
Succulents = succulents = group of plants with special water cells in roots, stems and leaves that can store moisture and nutrients as a reserve for dry times.
False Peyote Cactus = other Cacti species that also contain Mescaline and other alkaloids.
Are called Hikuli, peyotillo, False Peyote Cactus (English).
Father Peyote Cactus = ‘Father Peyote Cactus’ (English) = a large Peyote Cactus lying on a stairway altar during the Peyote Cactus ceremony.
Vision = inner supernatural sensation about the future.
Coming from a God or prophets.
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wax layer = protective water-repellent waxy layer on the epidermis (= epidermis).
Often also as a white-grey powdery layer.
wax = fatty acid compound that forms a thin layer over the cuticle (= outer cell layer).
Often also as a grey-white powdery layer.
tissue culture = propagation in a laboratory of plant parts on a nutrient medium.
Williams = Sir C.H. Williams = British ambassador to the state of Bahia.
Cactus researcher Lemaire named the species name of the Peyote after Sir Willliams: Lophophora williamsii.
williamsii = named after the Englishman C.H. Williams.
winter-rest = winter period when Cacti and also Peyote Cacti get too little light to grow properly.
By not watering from October onwards, Cacti stop growing.
This keeps the Cactus looking natural, and prevents it from growing long and limp in winter.
Wirikuta = sacred paradise area of the ancestors / gods of the Huichols where the stem originated.
This place is in San Luis Potosi, where the Peyote Cactus also grows.
An annual trip to Wirikuta is made to collect the Peyote Cactus's.
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self-pollinating = pollen can fertilise its own ovary, making seeds.